Lymphedema basics

Lymphedema is a swelling due to abnormal build-up of fluid in body tissues. It can develop when the lymphatic system is improperly developed or damaged through trauma or injury. Often becoming a chronic condition, it occurs most frequently in the limbs but can affect other parts of the body.

The lymphatic system

The lymphatic system plays an important role in the immune system and helps maintain the balance of fluids in the body. Lymph nodes filter out harmful cells for removal by the body’s defense system. Lymph vessels, like a waste drainage system, carry lymph, composed of extra fluid, protein and cellular products, from body tissues back towards the heart. Lymph flow is aided by contraction of lymph vessels, muscle movement during exercise, and deep breathing

Types of Lymphedema

There are two main types of lymphedema: primary and secondary.

Primary lymphedema either appears at birth or at any time of life, usually for reasons unknown due to a malformation of the lymphatic system.

Secondary lymphedema occurs when the lymphatic system is damaged as a result of trauma, surgery, or radiation. It can be a side effect of cancer-related surgeries that require the removal of lymph nodes, including surgery for such cancers as: breast, skin (melanoma), reproductive system (ovaries, uterus, prostate, testicles), head and neck, bladder and colon. Lymphedema may occur months or years after surgery or radiation treatment. Only a percentage of those who undergo lymph node removal or radiation therapy develop lymphedema. Other possible causes of secondary lymphedema include infections in the skin or the lymph nodes, tumor growth, weight gain or obesity, and some other health conditions, e.g., those affecting the blood vessels.

Early warning signs of lymphedema

	Swelling that occurs gradually or suddenly
	Feeling of heaviness and/or limited flexibility
	Tightness, hardness, or indenting of the skin when pressed
	Achiness, or bursting or shooting pain
	More swelling on hot, humid days or after exertion
	Infection (cellulitis) in the affected area.
Do not ignore symptoms. See your doctor. Early treatment helps contain swelling and prevent complications.

Complications of lymphedema if left untreated

	Infection, called cellulitis, is the greatest danger and requires antibiotic treatment. Signs of cellulitis include:
	Red blotch or rash that may be itchy Increased swelling Increased temperature of the skin Sudden onset of high fever and chills.
	Fibrosis or hardening of the tissues
	Delayed wound healing
	Pain from heaviness or reduced mobility
	Difficulty carrying out daily tasks
	Psychological distress

Early diagnosis and treatment may lead to better outcomes and prevent more severe complications later.

For information about lymphedema, risk reduction, and management in PDF format, download the LAQ patient pamphlet "Living with Lymphedema" from the LAQ Home Page

For more information about lymphedema and the lymphatic system in general

http://www.lymphovenous-canada.ca/
http://www.lymphnet.org
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/supportivecare/lymphedema/
http://www.breastcancer.org/lymphedema_info.html
http://www.cancer.org/docroot/MIT/content/MIT_7_2x_Understanding_Lymphedema.asp
http://www.lymphoedema.org/
http://www.lymphoedema.org.au/
http://www.pitt.edu/AFShome/g/e/genetics/public/html/lymph/

DISCLAIMER: This site is for information and community support only, and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care. Always seek the advice of your physician with any question about a health problem or medical condition. This site also includes links to websites providing information about lymphedema, but the LAQ cannot be responsible for the content of those sites.